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The Evolution Site The theory of evolution by natural selection is the defining force of modern biology. It connects disciplines as diverse as genetics, microbiology and the study of palaeontology. The study of evolution can be controversial, and the misinformation that is generated can lead to confusion over its basic concepts. This Web site helps clarify essential concepts. What is Evolution? The modern understanding of evolution is based on the gradual and cumulative changes that happen within populations over time. These changes are the results of natural selection. This is a process which increases the number of organisms that have beneficial traits, which allow them to survive and reproduce in specific environments. They produce more offspring because of the beneficial characteristics. This leads to an alteration in genetics that could eventually lead to the formation of new species. The term “evolution” is frequently associated with the idea of “survival of the strongest,” which implies that those people who are the most adapted to a specific environment will have an advantage over those who aren't well-adapted. This is just one of many ways that evolution can happen. Another way of using the term “evolution” is to suggest that a species will progress from one state to the next. This view of evolution can be described as anagenetic, or cladogenesis. The definition of evolution that scientists have developed is not in agreement with this view. Instead the scientific theory of evolution is based on the changes that take place within populations over time and these changes are caused by mutations that produce genomic variation and natural selection. Charles Darwin was one of the scientists who supported this theory. Others, such as Alfred Russel Wallace, who came up with the macroevolution theory believed that this was the only way the higher forms of life could be derived from lower ones. A concept must be able stand up to rigorous tests and evidence to be considered as a theory. The evidence of evolution has stood up to the test of time and has been supported by countless studies in various scientific disciplines, ranging from biology to geology to chemistry to astronomy. In reality, evolution is accepted as one of the foundations of science today, and is supported by the vast majority of scientists around the world. However, many people have misconceptions about the theory of evolution, specifically how it relates to religion. What is the Theory of Evolution? Evolution is the scientific explanation of how living things change over time. It is based upon a few established facts: that more offspring are born than can survive and that different individuals have their physical characteristics, and that they can pass on traits to future generations. These observations are supported by the increasing body of evidence from molecular biology, palaeontology functional morphology, climatology, and geology. The theory of evolution by natural selection was developed independently by Charles Darwin and Alfred Russel Wallace in the mid-19th century to provide an explanation for the reason that organisms are adapted to their biological and physical environment. It is now the best-supported and most widely tested theory in all of science. Its predictions have been proved out by the evidence that, for instance more complex organisms are more likely to have fewer genetic mutations than simpler ones. In addition, the more successful an organism is at surviving and reproducing in its ability to reproduce, the more likely it will be to pass its genes to future generations. Some people oppose evolution because they believe that it implies there is no reason for existence. Many scientists who are religious believers, like the Cambridge Palaeontologist Simon Conway Morris (BioLogos, 2014), believe that evolution is compatible with faith in God and is even enhanced by it. In reality, a large number of highly skilled evolutionary biologists, including a few who are renowned evangelical Christian leaders have been involved in the development and testing of the theory of evolution. Many of these researchers have contributed to the understanding of a wide range of phenomena, such as phylogenetics, genomics, and the formation and role of fossils. The term “theory” which is often misused is a reference to a scientific hypotheses that have been tested and refined over a period of time. Scientists test their hypotheses by repeating experiments or observations that have led to them. Thus the theory of evolutionary theory has been repeatedly confirmed, as have the corresponding theories of Copernican theory, atomic theory, and germ theory. What is the Process of Evolution? The process of evolution is a gradual shift in the genetic makeup of diverse individuals within a species over time. This is the result of natural selection, which favors individuals who are better adapted for their environment. The better-adapted individuals have a greater chance of survival and reproduction. As more of these people survive and reproduce their genes, they are more prevalent in the population. This is often referred to as “survival of the strongest.” According to the theory of evolution the mutations that result in genomic variation are the primary material for evolution. These mutations may occur at random or be influenced by the environment. If mutations are random, the frequency of the resultant alleles could differ from generation to generation. If a mutation is beneficial, it will increase the allele frequency which causes the allele to spread throughout the population. The changes in frequency of alleles could lead to new species over time. The new species may continue to evolve and become newer forms. This is a process known as macroevolution. The creation of new species is usually due to changes in the environment that make certain resources accessible or creates new environmental problems. For instance, the rise of finches on the Galapagos Islands is a result of the availability of different food sources and the need defend themselves from predators. In a broader sense the term “evolution” refers to any change that occurs in the traits of living organisms over time. The change could be small, such as the development of a new coloration or massive, for instance, the development of a brand new organ. 에볼루션 바카라 체험 www.evolutionkr.kr who accept evolution theory generally agree that genetic change is essential in creating evolution. They also acknowledge that the process of evolution happens over a long time, usually millions of years. They differ on the importance of various factors that may speed up or slow down this process. For instance the role played by sexual selection, environmental pressures, and mutation bias. Despite these disagreements, most scientists believe that evolution is real and the evidence in support of this is overwhelming. What is the Evidence of Evolution? Since Darwin's time scientists have collected evidence to support his theory of evolution. Some of this evidence is derived from fossils which show the changing characteristics of organisms through time. Another evidence comes from similarities among living organisms embryology, biogeography, genetics and comparative anatomy. The main proof of evolution is found in the evolutionary tree, which shows how different species are related. Another way to prove it is homologous structures, which share a similar structure in different species but serve different purposes, such as the wings of birds and bats. Evolution is also evident in the fact that different species adapt and grow to similar environments. For instance, arctic-foxes and Ptarmigans wear white pelts during the winter months that blend into the snow and ice. This is a form of convergent evolution, which suggests that the species had common ancestors. Another evidence point is vestigial structures, which are unutilized parts of an organism that may have served a purpose in the distant ancestors. The human appendix for instance, is a vestige from an organ that was used to digest food. Natural selection causes these structures to shrink as they cease to be used. Scientists have also collected evidence for evolution through observation and testing. The evidence for evolution can be classified into six different categories: changes that can be observed at a smaller scale, biogeographic distributions, comparative anatomies fossil records and genetics. Each of these provides compelling evidence that the evolution of life has occurred. While many people are misinformed about the theory of evolution, it is an established fact. It is not a theory but a powerful collection of evidence built on decades of observation. Scientists continue to collect and study new information to better understand the evolution of Earth's evolution regardless of whether people believe in the theory of evolution or not. This information will help scientists to understand how to avoid future global catastrophes and how to best utilize the resources of our planet. This information will also allow us to better serve the needs and wants of the people living on our planet.